NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Founded

1949

Country

Multinational

Brussels, Belgium

On Record

Western military alliance whose classified intelligence infrastructure underpinned Operation Gladio and the network of Cold War stay-behind armies across Europe.

1 confirmed Cold War

■ Operations

Cold War · Italy, Belgium, France, West Germany, Greece, Turkey CONFIRMED 1990

Operation Gladio

NATO's secret Cold War stay-behind network across 15 European countries, linked to arms caches, political violence, and the Italian Years of Lead.